To investigate whether people can implicitly learn regularities in a social context, we developed a new implicit sequence learning task combining elements from classic false belief and serial reaction time tasks. Participants learned that protagonists were offered flowers at four locations. The protagonists' beliefs concerning the flowers were true or false, depending on their orientation, respectively, toward the scene or away from it. Unbeknown to the participants, there was a fixed belief-related sequence involving three dimensions. Participants had to indicate as (...) fast as possible where the flowers were located, or how many flowers were given according to the protagonists. Experiment 1 combined perceptual and motor processes, whereas Experiment 2 unconfounded the sequence and motor responses, allowing to investigate pure perceptual implicit learning. For reasons of comparison, two non-social conditions were created in Experiment 2 by replacing the protagonists with two non-social objects—colored cameras or shapes. Results revealed significant implicit sequence learning of all belief-related dimensions in Experiment 1, and of true-false belief orientation in Experiment 2, even without a motor confound. Importantly, there were faster reaction times and stronger sequence learning effects in the social than in the non-social conditions. The present findings demonstrate for the first time that people are able to implicitly learn belief-related sequences. (shrink)

Commentary, with text, on Bādarāyaṇa's Brahmasūtra, basic work of the Vedanta school in Hindu philosophy.

Semantics (philosophy) knowledge theory of truth.

Physical literacy has received considerable attention in the field of physical education and physical activity worldwide. According to recent studies, the level of physical fitness among Chinese university students is gradually decreasing. This study aims to examine the impact of the PF level on PA and PL, as well as the relationships among PF, PA, and PL, in Chinese university students. Participants comprised 798 university students in Chongqing, China. Participants completed the tests of vital capacity, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and (...) flexibility, according to the National Physical Fitness Measurement Standards Manual, as well as questionnaires on PA and PL. The independent t-tests were conducted to examine sex differences in the evaluated variables, and the Pearson’s correlation between each PF test and PL attributes and PA was calculated according to sex. In addition, the independent t-tests were conducted to determine whether the PF level had an effect on PL attributes and PA at various intensities. Significant sex differences were found in the PF domains of vital capacity, muscular strength, and aerobic fitness, with higher scores in men than in women, but not in the PF domain of flexibility and total PL score. Furthermore, the PF domains of muscular strength and aerobic fitness were significantly and positively correlated with the PL attributes of confidence and physical competence in both men and women, while the PF domains of vital capacity and aerobic fitness were significantly and positively correlated with the PL attribute of motivation in men. In addition, PL was significantly and positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness, vital capacity, muscular strength, and flexibility among participants in the fit group. These findings support advocating for increased participation in PA in university students and using PL as a tool to improve PF components. (shrink)

Islamic ethics teaching in Quran & Hadith.

Miqdādī Iṣfahānī, ʻAlī - Correspondence ; Islamic ethics ; Sufi poetry, Persian.

本书探讨了西方自由主义普遍主义产生的社会历史根源,考察了它的三种主要论证形式及其某些变种,分析了每种论证形式的认识论根源和误区。.

Seit etwa 50 Jahren prägt der Identitätsbegriff die Religionspädagogik. Die Grundlage dafür lieferte maßgeblich das Konzept der psychosozialen Identität von Erik H. Erikson. Trotz spätmoderner Kritik und Dekonstruktion geht die Rede von Identität weiter und ist der "Abschied von Erikson" (Keupp) bis heute gesellschaftlich und wissenschaftlich nicht gelungen. Barbara Pühl untersucht die Hintergründe für die bleibende Bedeutung des Begriffs und schreibt ihm eine neue Rolle in der Religionspädagogik zu.

Contributed articles chiefly on Hindu philosophy; souvenir published on the occasion of the Aśvamedha, Hindu sacrifice held at Kota, 11-15 February 1995.

Religious life Islam; Religious life Shīʻah.

jild-i 1. Chand maqālah darbārah-ʼi maqāmāt-i [i.e. maqālāt] ʻilmī, va mujāhadāt-i farhangī, va khadamāt-i Islāmī-i ū-- -- jild-i 2. Chand maqālah az Prūfisūr ʻAbd al-Javād Falāṭūrī Iṣfahānī.

Mīmāṃsāsūtra of Jaimini with commentaries and supercommentaries; Sanskrit text with English translation.

Introduction to the Mīmāṃsā philosophy.

Study of Mīmāṃsāpādukā of Veṅkaṭanātha, 1268-1369, on Mimamsa and Viśiṣṭādvaita philosophy.

Collected articles on spiritual life based on Bābubhāī Raṇapurā, 1940, Hindu saint; previously published in Kacchamitra, a Gujarati daily.

Purvamimamsa Is One Of The Six Systems Of Indian Philosophy And A Very Ancient One. The Jaimini Sutras Consisting Of 2700 Sutras Arranged In 12 Chapters Are The Primary Source Of Purvamimamsa. It Is Developed Into Two Schools, Bhatta School Initiated By Kumarila Bhatta And Prabhakara School Initiated By Prabhakara. Mimamsa Has Made Rich Contribution To The Areas Of Epistemology, Linguistics And Programme Organization. The Concept Of The Intrinsic Validity Of Cognition Including The Impersonal Nature Of The Veda And Acceptance (...) Of The Cognition Of Certain Entities Such As Ethical Values Beyond The Empirical Means Of Cognition, Are Its Contribution To Epistemology. Considering The Language As Autonomous At Word, Sentence And Discourse Levels And Developing A Distinct Hermeneutics To Interpret The Vedic Passages And Developing The Rules Of Interpretation, Are Its Contribution To Linguistics. Developing Detailed Guidelines For Organizing The Ritual Programme Is, However, Its Most Important Contribution. The Rules Of Interpretation Evolved By Purvamimamsa For The Purpose Of Interpreting Vedic Passages Are So Fundamental And Universal That These Can Be Applied To Interpret Any Other Scripture. These Are Utilized By Other Indian Philosophical Systems, Dharmasastras And Ancient Indian Judicial System. Maxwells' Rules Of Interpretation Closely Resemble Purvamimamsa Rules. The Guidelines Laid Down For Ritual Organization Are Also Very Systematic And Could Be Applied To Any Other Programme Organization. These Aspects Of Purvamimamsa Are Highlighted In This Volume. (shrink)

Articles on sentence in Sanskrit grammar according to Mimamsa philosophy.

Collected articles on spiritual life based on the life of Bābu Rāṇapurā, mystic-saint poet from Gujarat; previously published in Kacchamitra, a Gujarati daily.

Comprises 82 critical essays represent the lectures delivered in Andhra University, Karnataka University and other centres of studies.

Treatise on Mimamsa philosophy by Devanātha Ṭhākura, b. 1490.

Treatise on Mimamsa philosophy with commentary.

Desde hace varias décadas, la opinión pública se ha ido trasladando, en gran parte, desde los salones domésticos y los cafés a la red. El desarrollo de las tecnologías 2.0 ha dado lugar a una metamorfosis de la noción de "público" y ha hecho posible que, en el ciberespacio, el debate colectivo sea más abierto, participativo y distribuido respecto al que se produce en los medios tradicionales. Esta nueva esfera pública virtual, en la que surge y vive la opinión de (...) las masas, ha transformado y enriquecido las maneras de relacionarse y movilizarse políticamente, pero también entraña peligros como la manipulación de la información y la extrema polarización de las ideas que se comparten en los entornos digitales.Desde la doble perspectiva del análisis del discurso y de la pragmática lingüística, este libro aborda, de manera divulgativa, el estudio de las distintas manifestaciones de la opinión pública en los nuevos entornos digitales. Se analizan textos de naturaleza muy diversa, con el fin de mostrar las estrategias discursivas y los recursos lingüísticos más utilizados por los ciudadanos para expresar sus puntos de vista y reivindicar sus propuestas en la red. (shrink)